GAL1pr

Type: Metabolite-inducible promoter
Other names: /
Description: The galactose regulon has been utilized for many decades to control gene expression with GAL1pr potentially being the most widely used inducible promoter in budding yeast1,2,3. GAL1pr is tightly repressed in the presence of glucose by the Gal80 and Mig1 repressors4. In the presence of galactose, GAL1pr is induced more than 1000-fold5. Glucose repression induces transcriptional downregulation of GAL regulatory genes. To avoid delays when switching from glucose to galactose, cells are typically grown in non-inducing and non-repressing raffinose medium. 
Organism of origin: Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Available on Addgene: https://www.addgene.org/164707/
Inducing condition: Galactose
Non-inducing condition: Raffinose, glycerol
Repressible condition: Glucose (dextrose)

Promoter nameLeakiness [% maxGAL1]tau-on [min]tau-off [min]Maximal induction level [maxGAL1]Stationary induction level [maxGAL1]Initial induction speed [0.001 maxGAL1/min]Degradation rate [0.01/min]
GAL1pr0.0310.0< 10.941.005.21.2

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References:

  1. Douglas, H. C. & Hawthorne, D. C. Enzymatic expression and genetic linkage of genes controlling galactose utilization in Saccharomyces. Genetics49, 837–844 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/49.5.837
  2. Bassel, J. & Mortimer, R. Genetic order of the galactose structural genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol.108, 179–183 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fjb.108.1.179-183.1971
  3. Mumberg, D., Muller, R. & Funk, M. Regulatable promoters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison of transcriptional activity and their use for heterologous expression. Nucleic Acids Res.22, 5767–5768 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F22.25.5767
  4. Ostergaard, S., Waløe, K. O., Gomes, C. S. G., Olsson, L. & Nielsen, J. The impact of GAL6 , GAL80 , and MIG1 on glucose control of the GAL system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res.1, 47–55 (2001).  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2001.tb00012.x
  5. Adams, B. G. Induction of galactokinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Kinetics of Induction and Glucose Effects. J. Bacteriol.111, 308–315 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.111.2.308-315.1972